fotnote

51 - After the Constitutional Revolution from the middle of 1927, some circles lose to Riza Khan s began talking about the forced removal of the women's Islamic veil '(kashf hijab) and by the New Year of 1928 (1307 AHS), Riza Khans wife and daughters appeared in public without the Islamic covering. The law calling for the removal of hijab was implemented after Riza Khan's return from Turkey (in 1934) on January 7, 1935 (Dey ~E7, 1341 Al-IS). On this day, Riza Khan, accompanied by his wife and two daughters, attended the opening ceremonies for a college along with his ministers and their wives who had removed their Islamic covering. At this ceremony, Riza Khan addressed the women saying: "We have broken the prison bars! Now the freed prisoners can make beautiful homes instead of cages." See Hijab VA Kashf Hijab Dar Iran, Khatarat-i Taj al-Saltaneh. .

52 - Following the regime's defeat in the Provincial and District Councils Bill disturbances, the government tried to distract public attention from this disgrace by making plans to commemorate January 7 (Dey 17 AHS) and turn it into a day of national celebration employing women of doubtful propriety and women with connections to ~imperialist circles who planned a parade, celebrations and demonstrations. When imam became aware of the decision, he sent a message to government officials stating that if the government decided to carry out its demonstration on January 7, the Islamic 'u/ama would announce a national day of mourning in commemoration of the disaster at the Gauhar Shad. Mosque and would request the public to stop work and participate in a street demonstration, express their hatred of those who caused that bloody disaster. This message was so effective that the regime changed its plans.

53 - The Karaj Dam was built on the Karaj River, seventeen kilometres from Karaj, 1XLy-three kilometres from Tehran, in December 1958 (Azar 1337 AHS). Initial Construction work began in 1952 (1331 AHS). Then in 1956 (1335 AHS) the international Engineering Company (Harza) was assigned to the project after the foreign consulting 41~uieers accepted Harza's proposals, the dams the Planning Organisation ratified building contract

54 - Meaning the period of Islam's power to the 4th and 5th centuries after hijra (i.e. 11th and 12th centuries AD).

55 - Riza Khan, who dreamt of attaining power similar to that of Hitler's Germany, ordered the construction of a steel mill by the German company Krupp. The Krupp Co. chose the Karaj River as a suitable area to build the factory because it was near the Alborz mines. Most of the equipment and tools needed to build the factory were brought in from Germany at great expense and taken to the Karaj area. However, after the Allied forces occupied Iran, not only did the Germans stop working and sending the remainder of the equipment but it is said that they made the Iranian government destroy the equipment they had already sent. In this way, great sums of money paid by the oppressed people of Iran were completely wasted.

56 - Twenty-seven years had passed since the issuance of the decree for the removal of the Islamic covering (kashf hijab) up until the time of this speech.

57 - The Shah's emphasis on the presence of women in the offices was merely to. C1oak imperialist Western policies, spread corruption, narcotize the youth and promote Western culture. The status of women was lowered during the time of Riza Khan and his son, first by British and then American schemes, which isolated Muslim women from social activities

58 - after the abolition of the Provincial and District Councils Bill, some of the ulama considered the struggle over and in a telegram to the Shah, thanked him for repealing the bill. However, Imam was convinced that the struggle must continue until news of the bill's annulment was printed in the newspapers. This difference of opinion resulted in contradictory rumours and news, which confused many people. The people went to Qum to clarify their obligations and Imam gave the government the ultimatum that it must announce the annulment of the bill in the national newspapers.

59 - Sura A1-i-Imran (The Family of Imran) verse 139.

60 - Refers to the elderly clergymen such as Ayatuliah Tunakabuni and Ayatullah Bihbihani who were over ninety years of age. See footnote 6 of this speech.

61 - Japalaq is an area in Isfahan.

62 - Ayatullah Hajj Aqa Husayn Tabataba'i better known as Ayatullah Burujirdi (1873-1961 AD) the leader of the theological centre of Qum (after Ayatullah Hairi), founder of the A'zam Mosque of Qum, and highest ranking Shi'i marja'-i taglid (since september 1941 {Shahrivar 1320 AHS}) during the reign of Muhammad Riza Shah. After his preliminary studies in Burujird, he went to Isfahan and taught religious jurisprudence and philosophy there for eight years. He then studied for another eight years with Akhund Muhammad Kazem khurasani in Najaf. He returned to Iran and began teaching logic and 4octrinal scriptures in Burujird. In 1944 (1323 AHS), he was invited to Qum by lmam and the other 'ulama. The defeat of the constitutional movement and events such as the execution of Shaykh Fazlullah Nun, as well as the troubles arising from unsuccessful Political actions taken against Riza Khan, led Ayatullah Burujirdi to avoid involvement in Political matters wherever possible, out of fear that such involvement would prove to be detrimental to the Muslims. For this reason, he was sometimes the object of criticism. In order to take advantage of the reputation of this great man. Muhammad Riza would visit him frequently and in a show of piety for the people would announce his readiness to disseminate Islam.

63 - One of the Shah's statements.

64 - Sura Ra 'd (Thunder), Verse 28.

65 - this was said in admonition.

66 - Barrasi VA Tahlili AZ Nihzat-i lmam Khomeini Vol. i. p.213.

67 - The Americans' analysis of conditions in Iran and their belief in the necessity for a series of changes had for some time been reflected in the American press. Thus publications like the influential US News and World Report, in its July issue of 1959. Wrote With regard to the situation in Iran: "In the oil producing country of Iran, signs of unrest are biginning to appear. If a riot begins in Iran. America wills he deeply involved ... the public are not satisfied with. In such a situation, the t U. S. will strongly Support the Shah both militarily and economically as the need arises. Public ~Content has brought about this grave state of affairs which could well prove (0 be very unpleasant for both the Shah and the United States."

68 - Ittila 'at newspaper, January 10... 1962 (Dey 20. 1341 AHS), quoted from the Associated Press news agency and other Western news agencies.

69 - this slogan was suggested by certain nationalist politicians, and mainly by those in the Tudeh Party. This party wrote an article for the magazine Mardom, entitled: The Bloody Week of Khurdad" which stated that: There is no doubt that reactionary elements, in trying to take advantage of the religious sentiments of certain people during this period of mourning, have incited a group of backward bigots to commit foolish and inhuman acts which are injurious to progress, and have even distributed slogans during demonstrations, which are against land reforms and against women s freedom

70 - barrasi VA Ta/i/ill ax Nihzat-i lmam Khomeini. Vol. 1, p.223.

71 - Nihzat-i Ruhaniyun-i Iran Vol. 3, p. 201. Following this statement, the press ~ changed the word referendum to 'national poll

72 - Baresi VA Tahlili ax Nihzat-i I mam Khomeini, Vol. 1, p. 230.

73 - Nihzat-i Ru/ianiyat-i Iran, Vol. 3, pp. 207-2 10.
74 - It is said that certain firebrands in following the Shah s instructions tried to make Ayatullah Khansari believe that he had been deserted by the people and that they hid run away and left hint alone under dire conditions. Unfortunately their insinuations achieved the desired effect and he thenceforth isolated himself, refraining from Participating in further demonstrations.

75 - Barrasi VA Tahlili AZ Nihzat-i Imam Khomeini Vol. 1, p.237

76 - See the introduction to Speech 6.

77 - See the introduction to Speech 5.

78 - Ittila at, January 24, 1963 (Bahman 4, 1341 AHS).

79 - Barrasi VA Tahlili AZ Nihzat Imam Khomeini. Vol. 1 P 254

80 - Baressi va Tahlili az Nihzat-I Imam khomeini, Vol.I p.286