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rZ  ) kz Dd lF CpF   C @@W@D@F 
 orF Td qC PvC @@i@ qCl@C @F  P@vC gp@v@S@
x CpF i Cpz ok  PvC Dh P@@(@@Z@
CpF aA C pF    oCl Co D  kzClJ lF
rZ A ok  PvC O D  l ok l l@z@@@ D@
O  koCk O rZ A  PvC A oCk  DaA F Pw
D x ok O F kr qC wd ZC DF Co rZ A D@
P C  Ck  kz oO MoC F  kz ClJ
 kz lk Mo C p ok DSZ DF D@ P@@@@ 
ok DF lF DzC z  P qC Dwd Z aA  F
DoDOv o lz   kDq DF F lClJ OhC DA kr 
OhC DvD  Dv iF PGwF  l@ p@ D@Cp@Z 
Co Ck A A  koh Co DCk qCF  w F P@G@w@  l@oCk
Co rZ A  D PvCo ZDF O F l p koi@
 uDwdC  D LZZ DF O  F D@V ok
DFk a Co Dkh ZO F l p @D@V @
pF  d DF MDOhC C  F rZ k Co rZ  
oDqDv Clk Co d  CP F F D a@A @@@C
.Pw
lvo lk aA F lF  kF A qC MoD@G@ l@k p@C r@@ 
G qC kz pRDO rZ A MD qC lF x P@w@D@F@l@zD@F
.MD pk  kpv p

lk Pd
lz O aA pFDF N  Dh Z   lk :@@@W@D@F 
DF l Dh  kz lk aA DF lF  C qC lNoD@G@P@vC
A  l ClJ kDeNC ykh  DF D  lDh aA
p PvC  p CokC xJ k A D lzDF OGw DC D@@N
D  PvC C F A lvo  lvpF lz ok F lok A
hCk kh MCm ok Co C D  lvpF C F DN kkp UoDh khMCm qC @C
ok C Mo F  O leO C DF A p PvC Dek p  l@@
xJ Pw  DV MCm DF MCm Td qC PvC D NCm x@J l@A
N DA VoDh DkV F kp N DwVC@F @ @@@
lOw DwVC A Mo  PV A qC DA DNoCpq kp@
DF  Co kDeNC d  C  lCDwVC Di @@
  DzkC CpF  Dzkh x@ D@F @ l@oCkD@zk@h kC@
lOw oC DMo Cpq Pw  dG@ qC l@C@D@d
ok DA xJ lOw DA ok kClOvC  () F @  @l@
 loCl l ClJ  A F  l ok Co rZ  NCm Pd
rZ lCOF  lOw rZ Dw@VC@VoD@h D@Mo@ @Z
rZ CpF r  (PvC pGO  ok eN A) l eN
DMo A xJ kp lCN  eNrZ A  Pw D@d @
lOw rZ CpF Mo   lClrZ F Dzkh  C
DF  DA xJ l ok Co rZPd lCO@F r@@Z A @
CrOC DNo DA qC D  loCkCo A kClOvC  l@@O@w@
Co DNo A lD  p DNo l ClJ DA F   k
PvC lz OzCn kC G ok aA PvC zo Cpq l o@@N
rZ p qC aA xJ kz Om F DA k@h @ P@vC D@e@
PvC D  PvC lz CokC DNoD  PvC MCm F 
 VoDh kC A  PvC xDF leO  l ok x@@ D@F
.lzDF MCnDF

kp p P
 PvC A OhCkpJ M@@N @C @F @@@C qC @ k@@@ 
p (xC Pp) ok lDF Z  zDF kCk GN  kpDCo
 kp pN oDkopJ PhDz F x PhDz qC kz Z kp
Pp lN A F VN DF  rZ F zDF kp l@O@vCr@@
ok  kkp VO Co C ,qA Dv  kkp@ p@N@@e@C
Pw C rV p P p  lzDF lkv CpF p@dp@
rWN ok D  l p yCx rWN ok D lp@ @
x p Pw lCl D qC aA  kz e C CpFA DN D
 C C  kz e  VoDh D  ykh D ykh
Co kh A DN PvC kh x qC CGNp  ,lz @C Cp@F
?PwZ  lFDF khCpF
 l  PvC D@@h  Mo@ @Z p@ k@h k qC l@D@F x@K@v
 C CpF yCx Pd A DN lzDF l@ ok @@yp@@
lF C x Pd  kz OzCkpF C o J qC D kkp
 PvC x Pp GNp C C  l o C CpF kD Mo@
C cpz C pz A pwN ok lzDF lz oDzC @@@F l@D@z
Co C v lClh  w DA) Fo  o  @ @v@ol@
 (yoDkopJ qC PvC o Co C xJ lzDF kp kDvC CpF
:kp lz Cv MpdA qC ypwN
:ol cp G  C n o
kD yCv xJ lC@ C k p@F l@Cl@h @ P@vC o@
.kkp
?Pw C CpF CD DA lz p ?  n  
kiC oCk C FDC  opC oCk  @D@W@O@C @O@@ :k@p@
C qC  PvC A yCD :MC d G M@@ kCl@@O@vC
J  kkp qDF ClDV Cpv F  l N J HpCpv
.l ClJ p CpF kDA p lvoCp qC

DWN D
Dk DNz ok lq rV F Co (DWN) D kp@ @D@ l@D@z 
A  l oN Co yCC D d DWN Cp@F l@@Cl@
 PvC Dk C CpF Dk C ok  Gp kpJ C qC PvCMoD@G@
OzCkpF Z V qC lF F lOw   A F Co DzCkoCn
Pp qC GNp C F x Pp qC xJ  Dw DaDZ kz
.lCZlClvp

?PwZ l kV Clh F  w C k
V DN Clh F C A  lD DF DW@@C ok p@@k @G@@@
F  w C k xJ l O pz ok kV @@V
?PwZ lkV Clh
O kV  DN Clh F oDG@hC ok @@@C @@@ @
 PvC lz O   MDd lD ypD  PvC Pvokl@
 PvC A l C DN Clh pF kV  C P@Vl@D@z
p  koCk MCm pF lCq kV DN Clh  k@z @@NCkD@G@
  x F D VoDh kV DzkCp  PvC CD@ p@@
pF kV  O qC pz  PvC D C  PvC MCkV
lq Clh pF Co MDd   D@ x@J l@@@ kCoCCl@h
 PvC NCm DN Clh MDd  PvD A F C  C
pF lCq  PvC NCm r  Z   Pw MCm pF l@Cqr@@Z
.PvC o  r ykV PwMCm
F Co DN Clh  PvC l koC pz ok  P@@V @C qC @@F
lDG kp op pz aA qC CiF ( D  Dd D@  k@VD@)
MDd    kV  l PFDR Z pk MoDG F  .qDWN
C F DN Clh oCnD qC r D lOw D@@N Cl@h D@@vCqC
DOvC Co DC G DF D ok   oCkkhDD@
ok MDCo ok aDZ .PvC oCnD qC p ,DN o@@F kp@
o   V   DN Clh  PvC lA DN @d@@@N
 Pw C ok V  PvC ) D M MDd  @
Cp F p  PvC NDd  Pw C ok O P@vC o@
D  D) DN Clh F  PvC lz MCpGNC @@C D@F (koCl@
.PvCl EDh (MDd

eN
PvC lz oCpN oDwF G wC @@@ P@@F @C oD@G@hC ok
p C A  PvC MCpd A  C qC kz@ @@@@
kp  DN Clh qC Co P A lDF koCk kV  ok O
Dv DF  OqC  DzC QleF lOw :lCkp CS
:Ck  DC  C DpC DF  Nol  rWC
 rW Ck  C kF l pF PvC C@ D@@zC k@F QkD@d)
oCpCeF DzC Z  C Mol pF PvC lDz PvC DA DJpF
.(PvC C DF  Ck pF C kh lzDF D
 pV  C p pCWC pWOF  PvC kp @@C l@@D@ 
: p C p pDC pOF
kh C  lkp  kCk PpV @D@ p@C@V @F @@@C qC)
Co C kh  lz  kp kDWC DA Dv C qC  PwpV
.EDF C ok pk MDCo Z   .(Pw DAv
okD  pF  v  D  d DN Clh  lz koC p qC 
C Pw r  ok MD C C DF PvC O  oD  lp@
?kqDv Z DF Hk
Co DC MD  PvC zo r Pp C MD ok Z @ 
.lCkp  DN ClhqC
OGvD  Piv   P D  lCO D@d @@ ok 
 Co k D pC ?lqDv DF Z r H lC lzDFl@D@F
C D CN P  d lz koA HD@@ @CCp@F
.kz lC
l @@@F @ qC @ o@ @F) k @C p@F @@k D@C
   C F lN  C d qC PvC MoDG@(k@z@
Di ND lDF lF koCl ld MDV qC OV bok  C
qC OD  PvC O yCPC  kV  rZ MD@D@F l@zD@F
F PvC zD N qC  ND xJ kkp CrOC yCkVl@d
Di C  koCl N C  w MD DF lzDF Di lDFoDZD
qC DC  PvC A DC PV qC @@ H@VC D@F @@@ MD@@ok
qC PvC kr DN Clh F  oCl F lDF yCk@VP@@V
 kCoC  Mol   xJ lzDF OzCk kV C ok DN ClhMD@
CpF  kV lOw ND (kDV ok  DwC ok)  PCp@
D lDF  l Pp C pC  lCPFDR kV qCGNp @C
MD  C Dzk lzDF OGvD  Piv  P@@
 kV q A qC   PvC P  k Co xJ PvC
F Gz F Pw HVC MD Di DN  MD C PvC
.Pw r HVCMD
PvCDP  C .PvC C PD   x q ,pk  
HVCMD qC O p xJ kp rN yCl kDW@C qC l@D@F @
F PwDC Td qC C MD qC k ClJ  ok  DN
EDO DDJ .PvC C kV GV qC
pDC A  le  C   CphA  C C leC 
ON  fN

C 
 C p C  jzC pC Dz C :l C @@C
,p  :pDv  d e C  HWdC pGC kCpv pD
 h  lF DF DWA DN lCOF ClpJ p  P@vC A qCp@Nl@@@F
oD ok lCOF ono p  PvC A qC pOFWe ,MpFDp@h
.lrFl A

Dv FC 

MDD ok MCoDzC qC   ok D@v @@@FC x@p@C j@@z 
 C koC  pz  C  eC EDV V ,loD
 PvC A qC pNlF DN d oDG DOvA :ldC lF ldCC @
p koA Pvk F A qC C D  kz koC DV A lC@O@Fx@ p@
.kp qC NN kCpC

kopv d 
:lDh FC joDN qC DC qC F  F DF kopv d
kDwVC Cpd  DWC C DD@ oCk ul@@@C @dC@
OF PC  C ld MCDwC M XN C @@@@C
 PvCDDV ul oD :Dp CC xF  PC  pmC
F CqC lpe ,oDN DpJ  koi DW@A @F @D@V D@J
oCnF l ldN D F O xJ lFD Co D@@D@@vA M@@@
yDF C kD F D  lzDF Mpd A N qC DD Pol@C
.zDF lC ok F  l kh qC Co Ow DDV
:l Dv
la wh p ldN  l w p ldN oDF
:lDp o oD
Pw y p piv C d Pw y p oh olC C kD

p SN D oDZ HNCp
Ak Tld cpz ok kh FoC EDO ok D lC DF VC jz
HNCp:PvC kp  l  pv ul v e qC EDO
pO PvC NA Pp lD SN D ok DN Clh Pp
 PwrZ kV D ok  kF w  PvC C A G@Np@
rZ pDF  l kFD  l kh D ok lvpF C F Co rZ p@
ApRC qC lZ p  koCn pRC rZ A ok kkp FD  mDe @
PvC NA D kV A  kz  C qC rZ l kDOvC
DizCPp DN Clh Pp ok NA Pp qC ol C DF D@J
k PWd A lF lCkp lN Co Clh k  PvC l@@@
.lzDF OzCk
 lClF  lvpF NA kk F w  PvC A ,G@Np@ @C qC p@ND@F
 NCm kV pF l d xJ lzDF lDF pk rZ pRC kk CoDZD
C DJ   kk  qC PvC MoDG@ p@RC A @ P@vC p@RCCo A
 p C PhDz DN d Mpd PhD@@z ok P@p@@@@
d DN D kV pF Cq  DDpF DF  P@vCD@@l@O@vC
.lCkp
vCF Co NA p  MoCpd  PvC w GNp @C qC p@ND@F 
ok Co NCkV  l uDwdC NA @F l@z @kr@  oC@V@
 C DJ   kz lpF NA pRC qC  l lD ADzo
F DzDk  PvC Dh  Pp DN C Ppok Pp
 DDvA o DN Clh C pF loCk   lkp Cl@h
.kp N lF Co kh kh  oD PvCq
Ohz NA ok ykV  PvC w GNp pNDF G@Np@ @C qC 
DN Clh Pp ok GNp C p@@@  l@zD@F l@z @z@O@
phA  Vok pNDF   PvC C  D  kz @CP@p@@
DF Co Vok A pF   GNp A F  DN ClhPvC @G@Np@
.v VCh iv VpN DDJ .lDp qo Co Dp  P

PvC w Z oD
w oD :l  ok pv ul DF jz @VC @@ 
lDp h DC  DvC  MD lDz Co C DN Clh @P@vC
PvC w D  lA llJ kz qC  PvC ODd Pp@x@J
 lDp DA h DC  DvC  MD pF Co C DN Clh
. o qC F kz DJ pF
 O nO Mn C DF  lzDF lZ Co pz @C @ @w@ 
lz D  qpJ  q F lzDF lz C H O@@Z
kz Dd C CpF qC  od kz ClV @C P@vC
qC pF PvC o A  N FD p  ok FD PvCrZ
 PD CN vo Pvk A F  MClDW DF DN  @oC@C
lCkz A C  Dw@  @@@ MD@S@dD@G@  MCp@D@@D@F
b  l ppN pk CpF lCkp ok  Co aAl@C@N@@
.Pw A DF DJ opv  Mn

Clh Pp P
lDp Z () kD DC ClG FC DO Clh   p@@@F
PCo UCok F V qC kh lv DF D ok  vC @@R@
Pp ok O Z  lOwCl kp pC :kp l@@@
P  Dk MDd Dz qC Dzk aA pF Pw@D@@N Cl@h
qC pO Dzkr ok DA Dk  lOhk Z lClpFD@
Pp qC A p  lon  loCn DzDJ pq  lDh
kp  lkpF Mn DZ A  llk P DZ A DNClh
kpF Mn PF MDDF ok Clh DC DF  CkDV@O@@@F
 ok  pDh CoA D DPd  ok Clh Pp OvCp@F
CND p ok  Dzo D oDN ok  Cp  HdDDD@@@N
.koCk DGk Tld ....PvC iF Dz oDF pqC  k p

Cr  okldN GNp phA
phA :l ldN GNp phA DF ok @@C D@@dC ok @Cr@
D C  lG Co  rV F kV ok  PvC A ld@N@@dp@
Cpq lD yldN ok D Co A   PvC @l@l@D@@
lF r Co kh lF  rV F  PV A qC DC HdD
.kkp D r Oh Po qC  A F

lF  rWF oD Z
CCp  uwe DwVC pk  q  D@@vA l@k D@F :C@v
?lF   rV F PvC oN FD ZPvC
PvC H C MDzD  qC E@ P@D@ @ Cl@F :EC@V
PvC w p ok MCkV ok MpS  PvC  d kV@
p ylk ok ld DC koCn p MCkV D@ C l@k@
Co  F koCn MCkV pk  q  DvA PoD@@
ok Oz FD MDzD  oCpvC  lF r@Z @ @@dok
 Mld  kz O rZ  Pw A DC oA ,Pw@ED@O@
  kz D C A  lF N p ok Co kDG@O@vCMl@z
PvC MpS CoCk oDGOC  lD qC   i lk DF rZ
koCl MpS  PvC rZ  pk oDGOC F  lk qC pk@ ok 
pk DC  lwV  co CoCk  p A qC DwC k@V @S@
PvC rZ  pk oDGOC  pk lk ok  PvC MpS@CoCk P@vC
DwF Z Cn  PvC ldC  PDwC F PGw C xJ PvCp  Z
 co N  C CpVC  DC MpS  lF Co DwC DizC
co D  kz VO  l oh ypDh F CC pJ
ok  lF  PvC C qC F k C D p  PvC pp@J 
 rZ  ok PvC oDOOvC  CpO@vC D@d ok @k @@@F
 PvC WC  ok   PvC pOw PwA ok epN
.PvC pN PDd ok koCk MpS F MDOC w p ok
p CpF qC  PvC kV D ok  aA  P@vC @@@Z @ 
oDGOC  F  PvC Oi  CCp MClD@  D@oD@G@O@C@
CoCk oDGOC A rV F pk DoDGOC F  P@vC @@  P@vCl@dC
.PvC pk F qC pNllz DA qC F  PvCMpS
 Pw D p DF FD lZ p lz koA DwC qC  @D@S@ 
D ok w pC DN PvC l DA ,oCph  P C@@@F
DS C qC lzDG PvC lvp A F  D F PGw k@VoD@@C
ldN Z  qClC  F  koA lN DC  kkDOvC
koA A F DC Z A qC lZ p .lvpF C F G klN Co
koA DC MG F pC A lD ,k Dd C xok O@@
zo Mp ok MG Pd lZ p PzCk Ch CoA qC G@@
o DeGv d ldC rV F A ok  Mld lDC  .lzD@G@
kon lV pF a D  lFD CkCD l@
.PvC rr  okD oDwF Ck o F lD  PvCpOF w C 