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MpeA DF () C vo EDeC Tld
vo EDeC qo   PvC lz @@ P@w@ @S@l@d @
vpN D (DC  Dh DC C vo D@) l@kp@ p@p@C
Dzkh ok ODd  lkF  Ckp lGF ,@@zD@F@D@@
Dkh  zDF D D  l  lz ClJ Dzok l@kl@l@k
ok A  O D C CpF lkp p ?CpZ :kpCl@
Clh qC l  l PGe Dz  Dz p@e@
 FN qC l DD F VCo l PDqC l@@@@
D oDwF Dd zh oDwF Dd  , ClJDd  oDOvC
 q DF p lF  hp  Dz od qClF  Cl@J
D Dd F P   DA DF Nl@@  D@@a@F
.Pw D C DA C vo D lz C kAD qD@F  P@@p@F
 l Dz  aA  PvC ok DPw D C  kp
 kp UC do D DwC PvC ODdk C lOw A ok
 J O Dz OGC lA DJ do@D@  kp@@ D@F
lF l ClJ Co ODd Z Cp lzCo Dpd C  lOw@
OeD) lDF DF lOw  J  ODdA F pC Dz kp
eD Dz DF lA  ⁽⁷⁾ DC O@@  @@@C
p C lF lpF Co Dz lCN EA o pF lF l@@@@
lvp DDV A F lDF DF  MoF Dz CpF pC lpF
 Tld qC FDNqDF lv p 
C PvC TeF  VpN lv p @ A @ p@@ @F
Dk ok qpC  D Dp MDFkC  P@zCk @V@N l@D@F Co@@@
 koCk vC qC koCk Zp@ P@w@ D@@k @FkC D@oD@@D@zr@V
ok    A lwF lCi Zp oD@O@vCD@p@@
qC PvC DC DN ok pwh pD ok  lv ok  Ddok PvC 
Pk qC oCk  aA l fpN  Dd kh F PvC vC
cp Co H E DFq qC pk MoF lvkh oCk Ap@
:PvC kp

lqp O  A qC lvpJ 

lkph pJ Co zo C 

lz CpJ F ypq

ll D DZ ok CpZ

Co ykh p qC v O ,@v@  P@vC E@@@ D@O@vCk
DC lpGF P  kCk Co ykh CpJ  kp p DokCp@F@F
v f olV  C) :P E ,lkF lvp lkF lDq
lz pJ C l pC  v F ⁽⁸⁾ (l@@N C@
z l p qC Co pJ F N Eh lz Pph P@vC
Co v F kF DWA  Mkh e  D@ D@Z @hCkqC @
.ll D DZ ok CpZ ,lz oZ kpuDwdC

PvC DV pF D Dd DO F

PvC D k pk  ClJ k

yDhpk e lV e  pF PvC lV pF S 
PvC

pev lholF  r qC pF

.kp ZoDC k W ph DF  

:MD ok PvC CpC CpF  pF pGN C

PvC DV pF D Dd DOF

.PvC D k pk  ClJ k

ECV  lkp E qC  PvC Cv DGk  D@W@@C D@N E@h
: l lFkCk

lDF DV ok ok pC

lD pF D k qC Pvk  pv

.kp pNDF D k qC lDF DF pC ll go CpF Dd 
DF lOw  J  Dd A F pC D@@z k@p@ p@G@@@@J
@ DC  O C OeDCmClDF
GC X qC l
 pm Co GC X qC Ow D@C @@ l@D@N Cp@F D@d
Mn  l DG pOF lz GC X qC ODCV
 PvC  kh S  GC X  CO op DlpF@
co WN PvC DwC co rN  Z P@vC kA k@h@S@ kA
 D co  ,PvC PwJ  PwJ co PvC D@w@C
lZ co  PvC lF   lF  co P@vC @D@
DV Piz    PvC lF l@@Z @ @@l@@F
Pw Dp  ok PvC kClC DV   PvCkCl@C
ok Pw CikCqA w UC ok Pw @@w@@ ,D@p@UC ok
hCUC ok Pw hC vDd UC ok Pw vDd CikCqAUC
Dv DViv  ok  PvC  kh S lCiF Dz  Zp
.l DF Co
 pF     V k Od w MDC   D@@dC l@)
ECFC OClN  GwC F v  pC  DFD pGC pS@@
oCp  lF DF Vo POGR  DCoCk  @w@CED@F @C
⁽⁹⁾ Fo oC G OvC DFdCpC  C
DWA DN PvC lCp Co kh x@  P@vC kp@ l@q Co k@h @@
F lGN Co do P  kp qD@ Co C @p@z P@D@o@
A ok lz o do  lz  do  PvC kpP@D@@
zo CpF Co Co lV CpF ok qC pF  GNp PD@d
 PvC Pv r phA F DN kp ,kp r F rlF l@
kld C DN D DwC CpF C pFDF lvp Pw ykhCo PD@
DwC OwDF D DwC ,ph D Pw Dv DwC D DwCDA 
.lzDF kp x rN  x HnN lzDF
qCF ,PvC Dv DwC DA vC D DwC pNDF @ F ,l vC
ok F DN V PvC Oo r A F r@@ @C qC ok A @F ok @C
,F PvC Pvok d F Ep DA wC EDF l C F lvp@@
Clh lzDG FDWd kh Clh F  C F  lvp DV zlF
 lzDFD S lCi pk  FDWd lF l@@G@F k l@kD@F Co
 Co Clh DN  D DA F kpGF pR F J oDRA qC p@F
qC  Phok pF C qC pNzo Clh C CpF  D qF @@
Co H C kp () wd DC p PvC D@@vA @@q @C
O  opC   Od  x D oC p C)
N Od MlF O   l k @C UD@O@e@N@O@d P@G@
(DGo D CpN   P C NOC oDSRC
 P Clk Co Clh DA lvpJ wC @@ @@ qC @@i@z
 Dh kp lF  NkDG zDF ll  Co ClhC
 , PvC Op oCp OV  ok Clh   Co Z DF lk
DF DC DeF EC NCo   DC lDF @C @ol@N
kp ykz  Clk k Z DF  pvZ
!PvC D  DwC Dp D DwC
vC qC Co Dp D DwC C k@ D@W@@C D@N  oCl@@ @C D@N
vC  PvC lz peN DrZ  Dp HO ok DC ,koAlDN
DwC Dp D DwC k  F  Pw C DpeNA D@F
.PvC D
D D CpF N  Dp Dlk qC D DwC oDFok Te@F
G qC v  D DwC koCk pOF PC @@O@@@
PvC kp ClJ UCo kp D ok lCkp DF Dv@FC  @@voC
UoDh  DWD qC  PvC lA w HO Ook  kF @p@d
D DwC oDFok Co kh p N  Dp HO PvC l@@
 PvC pz F  GO Z Dp HO ,PvC kCk wFkp D ok
pz DFq DF  SN DFq DF Co HD DC Pw pSF  G@O@ @Z
lD  HO C loCk pOF m kp Dok Cp l DF
p qC  koCk G FD Dw  HD Pw v HO@
 Pw  kDOC qC Dh Dd  ok PvC G@ @FD@ @vC
GN O  Dp D DwC DF lok l vC @D@ D@w@C
l
Dp Dlk qC DwC pV  Pd
C  rp  DwC Pd ((k))
d  lCl DwC pV  MCm v  O@ @O@zn@ ok
p  DwC p  D  DwC  C loCk Co oCrFC Dv
p d   lCk qCrFC  Co p   F lClD@w@C
Pw z OGC l pGN k F C qC  lCl raACo w
k F Pw wV k k l oD p  @k @
 pN  lC rp   DOvCh  MDvDwdCrp A @
ok DuDwdC pN   CpF  uDwdC CpF oD.pFDwd
oD   OGC  PvC D kDq PC  yqoC PwDw@C
D loCk MDN  PvClV D CDqo D@ qCl@@@@
ok C  PvC  oD  PvC wV DC@D@qo
qDN  PvC Clh oD d  ,Clh DN kp@@@UC D@w@C
 PvC lO oD Pw DwC F pe l oD @
HO F  Dp HO ok MCkV  ok koCk D@p@v@@
 C Dpv ) C PeN oDvC S Dp F DOw
ok  PvC Od    llO  (MCkVC@@V
ok Pw   C C ok koCk Dpv  DpV k@V MComD@@N
C  Pw   NC MCom ok Pw@ @@ @ @@v@C
o pF PvC qDW A F  p aA  PvC P@d
:l  PdC

  pF DvA PvC peF 

⁽¹⁰⁾ v C ok Diq Z

qC PG D C   DDvA C )  PvC D@ok @ @@
 Dok A  Dok  o pF PvC   @r@@@F oD@p@@
:l Dd(PvC

ClA DV  Pd J ok C ok D

ClA DJ F DV C RkDd lF qC

l ldpv q  r po

ClC Co  C kV C F DN

ok  PwC V  VpN Dd P@@F @ P@vC @D@ ol@@Z
NolF lOFC :lDp DR  ld qC xJ  PvC kDW@v@@@e@
NkCoC p F v R DCpOhC O  pOhC DClOFC iC
kp ClFC  lpA l qC Co D Clh ⁽¹¹⁾ OGeG@v @@S@@F 
PGe Co ok Co DA lF (PvC kG pk o qC  Cl@FC)
:P Dd PiCpF ykh

l ld pv q  r  po

.ClA Co  C kV C F DN

D  CpF O  DwC ok l DC  Co H@@ @C
Pd ,Cp PvC  Pd C  Pw D pOF Pd@
w  PvC p DwC Pd l C pk Pw@@ZD@w@C
rp D   k PvC k DwC Pd l FP
PwrZ A Dp ok   PvC DWC ok MDN  xJ C
.l p  raA  lqo 
Z DF lvpF lCiF  D DwC D F w@ p@@ qC D@w@C
uD DF lOvC qCpFC DF  DJ DF  DF l kpF lDFoCrFC
 lvo  kp p  lZ MDl lZ pG p@@ D@F
l oD

Pw pd  kCv oD pv ok ,ph

Pw pF a lKvC k rV

 lOvC  WO  l  pG  p  pd  kC@v  @@
.Pw Dpd CqC
 x HnN  x N l D@p@d @C @@ D@W@F
 Zp Co d p F VN  @@F ok Mk@h qC Co @@mo@hC
Z p yDF w Mkh pDh F pOF  F ok MkhqC CO
o  Ozp Pw k DN  PvC k A N k ok lDF Clh plC
:l Dd ,lA rp N k ok PvCClh

lApF Pvkq pC A pv pF

lApv   q oD F Pvk

oDC PGe DV Pw k Mh

lAok Ozp ko pF Z k

PvCl Hz P ,DdC PGe

.lA ok   V lzoh q o

Dk Mp F EDFoC okpF

lA olF  VCh   lZ

FDF X   Cl pN

lA p ok  po p qC

PvC pOorF DV qC k Dp HO ok
pOorF DV qC k HO C ok  Cp ok PvC GO Dp@
D k  Co DwC k  oCnF p  Co D DN PvC
  Pi  ,PvC lz lk DwC p ok @ P@vC @@Cco
D  qC k oCnF p  ok ⁽¹²⁾ lVDv C@do
DwC l k F  p DwC l D F DA,PvC pOorF
Co DV lCl MDO D@ k ok Co k  D@@V@Z  p@@G@
F D  aA x pF pG D l Co k p D l@
D  p D l DC pG D orF @D@ @C
rZ A pG DwC  PvC p DwC D qDF PvC DwC p@@G@
:l  ,koCk kVN ok ok  PvC

 C Z CkCq kA N p

GF kh ok Co MCom V

Pw p olD h olC PwZ

Pw pz olD DholC PwZ

EA p Z k PvC h DV C

⁽¹³⁾ EDW pz k  PvC pWd DV C

ykh Dh lzDG pz ok lzDF Dh ok r@@Z @ l@C@N@ D@A
PvC pz ok  aA qC PwC PvC Dh ok Z p PvC pzrV
ok  aA ?lzDG p ok  lzDF EA h ok rZ   kD@A
Cpv DwC DA PvC p ok  aA qC PvC @Z@ r@V P@vC@h
pz ok r  x p  PvC  ?pz Cpv D kp@D@h
D kp Z p   h Cpv DwC DA pz Cpv kpP@vC
Z p  Cpv  ko p Cpv  PvC  ?pCp@v
.EAqC
 DF F VN  Cp k pF  Cp ok pF @vD@vC D@p@
A C CF Co yqoC Od l   P@vC p@@F qCCp@@C
,koA PvlF pF DV qC kF Co A ,d  oCkD  F
.PvC okqC  l

kp D qC V DV H k DDv

kp DN DF q PzCk kh aA

kF pF D   l r p

kp Dok H Dl qC H

kF C DF Clh CdC  ok lF

kp DClh ok qC  ylk C

yk kpF D pJ pF h 

kp  d p lDN F 

d kCk  N F F DV DV C O

kp D lG C  qpA P

lF oCk pv Pw C r oD A P

kp Cl oCpvC  kF A pV

 qC DGq SN 
PvC Oo V Dp l@@C@i@F @Z p@ ok @F @V@N @C ok
:l (S 6 Uok) PvC SN OGC koCk  PvCD@O@vCk
 C DClh P PvCi Clh qC DCk C X HDkF kp
Dzkh  lkp Dh pq Co DW  DC  lClA DkF DkA
 F W  DClh lD q pq ok  DW C lOo 
 DN kp oCq  fG DN DGz  kF C yoDDNl  DD@@@F
Ci Z N P lA w  lz DECh lk ECh ok Gz
Clh p qC oD  P Ci X ClhqC  P Clh qC
P kCk D C F Co DV  Eh oDwFP  p N @F
Co pN D  pG Mkh DF  D pN  p KN  DF
 lz oClF PvC X DWD kDOC DVp pN C  D@@ @F
PvC Pvok DD D Dd o DPw zo ECh HW lk
 lk Po Ow qpJ kF PvokDD pC Pw P@vok D@
kDOC DV p pN l IDNpJ Co pN A OwDF  PvC Pvok DD@
.lClJ Co X OwDF DV A qC
p Cl ok Co pN ECh ok lO @@F @ P@@ yk@h D@F
D qC  C DC G F o  EDNpJ D Dd P ,EDNpJ
lGF kp D PhClC G F o M DF  PzCkpF Co pN PvCp
kp DZ  l Z p DWA Po  PzCkpF Co   F lOCDW
GNp C  IDNpJ pk pF Eh P ,lvp XF l@k
Fp EV pz EV ,kp ClJ Po  kp EDNpJ DFo S
F rZ phDF kF C yoD Nl ,Fp D@@z @p@zD@@z
DClh P lWw F PqDF GNp k qDF lz PdCoDlD Ovk
GNp k qDF DNl DN l  C kp F  kF DCo@Z @C
lk ECh ok Co iz A GNp k Ml lZ qC lF kpoCq  D
Co  P kF  kCk F  DD  kp jFNCo C 
kp D F Co pN P kp Z lF P oA Pkp ClJ
 G pF O   P G pF kpEDNpJ M@ D@F 
Co pN O kDOC DW p ykh pN OF MF O@@ @
PzCn D F Co pN D  pN   F DF Po  Ckp F
kDOC ykh DJ J lk kp DoDNko DW F pN GF P@@
:l  lvp  DV C F PvCDWD X lk l Co DJ pq

loC Gd qC EpC PvC d Z A

lF Co Mp pN l N

OhDN pF DpN  D C

⁽¹⁴⁾ OhClC ok N  kr X

 C kp  qC P kF  qC  phC D@@@ qC @@
lCh  Co DOvCk  kF w S F  PzCk Dp@m
ok  O ,lF lCi Z   OwCl Co D@k@F
ok C kF Dd DF kCpC qC  ykh ,lF lCi Z D@O@vCk@C
(pGN C wC  ) :P pO@@F @@@V @ @EC@V
PvDz kh ok lFlCi
Dp HO ok PG  pF DV peN
EDW pz k Pw Mkh ok HF k@h qC @@@q @C o
PvC pz k  PwCDh DV PvC p k  PvC h ,DVPw
pF DV  PvC lz N kDC Dp ok DC DS@C@F
CF Od PG Dp HO ok lz peN h P@@@G@
A Dd  k p pO ,b ,  Z EDO
D DC  ok l   C pC F Ew @ok
.pC D DwC  PvC pGCD

pGiN D   Ck

pN D   Ck

nC GC EDOC PC 

pC p pd DF

p pV C rNC

pGC DC C  

 ok oClF p Ap  p@F p@C Co @@@ @C D@ D@d
 OV C qC  koCk kV C ok PGS MDV qC oDwF@C
p qC F Pw DOCF PG F ol C Ap  F,PvC
 DC  DNDA pv) PvC pl oD ok xC  DA MDAAp
pOD  oCk G D OGC (eC C  GO Od wC
ok qC  DwC kh ok ok DwC CpF DPp@ @p@N@p@z
rZ b pk PG  PvC C   lA PvlF D@w@Ck@h
Clh A k  DA Pw Clh PA ,Pw d PA ,PGPw@@
.PvC Clh pk A   PG PvC Clh A  k ,,PvC
HOEDF ok Di   Pw k oDwF oDwF O  DWC
DzkhCpF v HD OzCk uDN D Ddo DF pOF Dp
lD l kCk N kp  F Dzkh DFDO  k@F
yok m vCF Dp HO  kp @ @@F ok P@vC
DGq  Pw yok  NoCpd  Pw A ok  o@z  P@w@
ok  ,koCk m D@D@h D@@N ok P@w@ A ok @ @D@@V
 ok Dd koCk m DDh  ok lv koCk m DDh@
 kp Plh oDwF HO C DFh Cn  koCk m@D@@D@h
Pw  lzDF DC qC F MD ok  zr  CpCpC DDdC
Co TeF D  PvC PV C F ,koCk kDq pRC ykhF @F @@A
.w HO F PGw kCk wF pOFDp F VCo
?PvC CFCo Z PG DF DwC FCo