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!b pk  h F Plh
w  D DzqoC qC  PvC @h @F P@l@h p@@k yqoC
DwC yqoC DC  l lDN l ok l Co C  vC Dw@C
lDN pC pGJ olZ q C ok PvC kF h oCnP@l@h
 l Z Dq C ok p Ap C  PvC kpoCpC kp@
x pl F kp Plh pl F kCk  DDN@q ok
A  pGC   EpC  pC G @@@V C@@NC p@G@C
Clh h F Plh yqoC  F lvp A m ok lFDN ⁽¹⁶⁾DF
S lA kA k  DC oDC FD p@@ P@vC @zqoC@ @C 
:O PvC pz DFq C kG oC  l@v@O@G@C) l@@v
C qC p  xF  Pw   (Pw hPlh rV F MkDG@
lF  Co MkDG yqoC lCi lF pk Pw r@Z p@@k
 Co kDV yqoC lF  Co  yqoC lF@@ Co l@q yqoC
CpF  vC ok koCk kV  orF  D DzqoC C lF
 Z  PDwC lF  lF  l@Co @@ ,D@w@C
.ClhiF Plh
F  l Dh D Cpzo C qC @@F D@@@i@ qp@C
D h  A  lCOD Pvk D h h @@@
 CpDwC ,Cp DwC  PDwC lCO@zCn@ Co @@vCCo
h F  Plh PvC Eh h h F kp P@l@h?@Z
Clh h F  Plh lzDF lCi Dw Z h khDd
lCi w Z Clh h kh DC Clh h F kp Plh l@D@F
DN  kp pv Co Clh h z   p D Dd EhlzDF
DA CpF D pC kp Plh Cd  F D qDN lDz@J@ Co
F Plh F lzDF pe DzqoC   zDG D@ p@ND@FyqoC
zqoC pk ok   lzDF OzCk kV zqoC D kh ok Clh h
qC CW k Cl@h @@h @@ qD@N l@zD@F @O@zCkk@V
 kp pv Co Cd l  z DGvC qC CWDlv@
pv Co z  PwC z C ld  OGC PvC oDlDz@J
F  lzDF C Olh C ld    lDF DF PCd 
ld  kh S DCd   P@l@h k@h @S@@C@@d
lF Plh lDF zDF   Dzkh S F  lzDFC DC
w  lzDF DF pC PDwC pz F DwC  DwCF Plh 
Z xJ lzDF lz h  qClC  Clh h F Plhw 
h  Pw h F Plh EDwd pC D  omFC DPvC p
C ok PvC pk CpC   qDF  C  koCl pkyqoC 
Dw
kCqA :pk 
.kCqA yqoC S D
F  PvC DwC DzqoC pND  @p@O@or@F qC @@ kCqA
PCd ld  D  DrZ  DwC MD p@kp@@G@@N
,kD DzqoC  D PvC zqoC  kCqA DwC CpF PvCDwC
z lpDd lCkpF PDwC qC F  DDwC l@@@@G@FD@@z
Cpz pNPiv ok lF lq pF N lF lqvp@
 e lzDG pk DwC  MoDvC ok  l@@@@F@l@q
A EDO ok Co DOvCk lF lq kCqA lzDG p@@kD@w@C
FlFk DF qo  kF  pq Nl Dv  F ,l CoCk
dCpOw oD qC DDNC kp oG Col @ @V D@F 
iN Co DV A PzCk  kF DV A ok ro DZ  uD  Pzn
h  yCwd C  kF kDC  z  Fkp@@@
 lCi pz koCk ykh DF lk  lz Co uD Cl@k@F @
.l  lCh Co pz C  lrq

PA qC x C OzCkCp

PDV k pF konF DvA 

Co N PV C qC  l@@@  l@@@@ yk@i@F ED@@h koCk
C  Pp yClh F ,konF yh N F  OzCkCp@
pv  P qDN  ll DWC koCk PvC vD  Co DoDpNPwJ
:l  koCn ykhx

PA qC x C OzCk Cp

PDV k pF konF DvA 

DDC P  kp Cl  V lA  PzCk  Co G@vC @@V
uD ,k  C qC pOF  OzCk Cp Co Mkh x 
F PhDz lk Co CdC  DC A    D A  O
S  kp oDOhC Co z C  P PvC P Col Co
aA qC PvC pOF kCqA  vD zDG pk kp  e@@N
,FDN N e N C @@l@F ,D@@k D@vo @@  oCk@N
 PvC  lk ⁽¹⁷⁾lz p xh PDWh qC FlCOz
ok Z  C PvC Od C PvC O@@C @C ,koCl@EC@V
 r  J  p kA  koCl  pd C Dh  Cd
lF lF  l vD  l Do Co DC   DF  pF H@vC @
 ph PvC v rZ kCqA  kCqA p@@ @kCqA kCqA
pF Co vD  koCk yqoC ol A kCqA ,p@@F D@ACl@V Cp@F
orF yqoC  PvC yqoC  DC C Eh llfVpN MoD@vC
qC F ok C lF l D DwC MDC qCD Pw @
C lF  P   lz yCp  oFyqoC C CV
l ,lF k oClF   O  koClF pF ok xd
kV zqoC pk kCqA qC p  kCqA  pFkCqA  Pp@F
D  yqoC  C ok kF e lCiD@@zqoC D@@N koCl@
 PvC Pd pk yqoC  PvC PCl D pkyqoC ,PvC kCqA
...PvC Dp
 :pk 
loCk N h F  o S l@@F@ D@@z P@ @
DN Pw D Dp MDr ok  N  Dp ok @ @a@A@S@
.PzCl   lk ho kp CV  k DwCyqoC

lCi  ,PwZ PwCl  Ozp

Pio kA Dh F F  DV koiF

Dp l DOC  Co  Od p@k D@@zqoC D@@N p@@k
 loCk  l Cp C Pw  yqoC F D@Cp@@
:l Dd l qoDG DF Dvo

PwCk D qCo  NpJ qC oD

PwCk CN  C qC x p p

xF  lCk pev p  W cpz

PwCk D lCh o  p  

qA  PA  pOk ok  C

PwCk Cl eOF O C vpN

yphA pz  MD V WOw MCm @ @ @@@W@
O  qC iv MCoDzC phA ok  PvC Dv F F EDh
F   , qC k MoDG PDwC  DwC DvDvC p@k P@vC
 k e yqoC C F PvC D  PvC lF DJ Ck
l k p   yqoC lA yqoC p A qC  P
 PvC Z DC  PvC MDh  DC Pw@Z D@@p@d @CD@A
lA J Dpd C  MDC qC D Dv @@F P@vCD@@Z
C V Po lDF  Hp DF PvC MDh F GzC DCl@@@@
.PvC pF ok  PvC D DzqoC DC Z Dpd
qC CC  kCqA MkDG @ Plh @ PCl @ PGe@ @ @@ @@
e lFD  A PvC D DwC DwC Cl D@d D@@zqoC@C
PvC e zD  A ,PvC e lDW lCq  A,P@vC
D  A PvC e zD A PvC e kCqA @@@@A
lOw D DwC DC qC Cl b DC qC  Cl@ P@vC@e@
ld F  lzDF kp lzo C ok DzqoC C   PvC AD Dw@C
.lzDF kp lzo pl DF D  lzDF kplzo  C
GC X ok C   () CpC P
DCl DN ok PpF joDN kppFC
   EDO GC X F Dz ,DwC @Z @@@ @ @@
qC o lv qC PvC GiO Z  EDO@ @@@F@C@O@@@
GkC kp  o lv vC  ,C pC ivqC DOw
qC kpF uDN PvC OwCO GC X GV D@F @@  k@F
kp EDiOC Co C pC FkC DV DoDDzFkC G@V
ok PvC Gh 229 kld Pw GC X ok C  a@A P@vC
o lv qC G Dv l  HnC Up HdD kwNo
qC Gh 480 kld ok C  lw HnC Up ok P@vCk@F
l D  O Co GC X ,Pw@ kp@ P@vk ok@@
e D o    lr pd koCk Dv F lD@h
kA  O pk DV  lq pd koCk  PvC Fp@@l@C
vkp PvC vDd kp  lF l D Co GCX@
kCoA rV  PvC ChkCqA kp  D@ l@r@@ p@d koCkP@vC
l D kA pk DV  lr pd koCk k ypvr@Z
koCk pz lCq  lq pd koCk z l@FD@@
Co DwC DzqoC  lq pd koCk HCo @ l@q@p@d
orF olZ  lGF PvC l co lD ,iv @Z,koCk
.Z olZ D PvC
D DV ok Dq MDO  GC X
Dw ok D DV  DGpN J Dv DWJ kld D@N @O@zn@ ok
kF MkDG yqoC  lq yqoC o Cp  Gn@ @@k
X PvCh  pG DF Po C  lOoDV p pC
 kG pOF Gh DN PwF k DW lCh Z lCiFG@C
 GC X lq DGh kF lC@h k@F @@@D@@C
 qDW oCk DlC DC uDC DC S GC X CDG@h
 l oDOvC CON  p p  Cni oCpkoCk phC
D UpiN C G  F DlC  C@Vp@hC  @oCp@vC@@@
Dh  oCk Dk kp C ⁽¹⁸⁾ Oh Dp  NpGOhC DCl@FC
qC lpF xJ PvC MDGR  lD DV  PvC MphA Con@ P@w@C
kr Co kh pv DkpJ lD PFDR  DV A CpFkh Don
UoDh Dk qC Co kh E  l oDJ Co Dz oCpvClCl @ @w@
DeOC Dk C ok  kz UoDh Dk qC Dz DlFC qC G l
.lClz h MphA  PlFCCpF  lz
l EnV PwCO DV  CpZ kG GC X DGh DF
D  kF kp ClJ Cp DyqoC wv  w@F @@D@V
kF lz  DC kF DzqoC A PV ok  GC XP@w@
p   Pzn Dv l kG GC Xpk DOwp@@k
 Co pOzC DF wC  C pC Dp  l ClJlDz
C lCiF vDv  DO@VC D@o@O@vk qC P@w@C@Cr@h@
  DWA PzCl Co U C P@zCl@ Co D@@ @C @@D@Vco
C ulN  kp  lz op ok op pGJ qC l
DWJ DV ⁽¹⁹⁾OO p C  d D  nhOd
Co V C ok co ,Co C ok D C @@vC @@JD@v
PvCl DF OC b P pGJ l lF Pvok PzCl
p lvp kF H qC Dh  kF H qC CpG D MoD 
lF lOwDF  FD ok   Cdp F lzDFlvo @G@
DWJ ok DV C l GD Co d lOF DFqF P@ @@A
DV DV Z l ok Co pd C yqoC PwCNJ Dv
 kF kp ClJ Cp  yqoC k D  wF ,kF zqoC
 PvC kV   ok DwC DzqoC   PvC @@
Dkh DV PvC kV  Piz ok  PvC  j@oD@Nok
PvC DzqoC qC F D DV ok qDF  xlN Ch@@ @Co
C   lz ClJ  PvC OiGzh DV  h lz ClJ@
HGv  kF p  kF GDV  DzqoC C qDF  oCkCo@F
lzDF rZ Z lDF  ,kF pk DzqoC qC Fe
C PkG UC WN  ()  Hz
DwC   ClF Dkh DC  C Co  C@i@F p@C D@
DzqoC   DwC   Co kDO DwC   ,CoD@
Hz  DwC   lCkp lzo C ok pl DD@w@C
lvo C DJ F oD b k  Hz Mh  k O
d wF lz l  PvC d ok lz EnV  MkDG@co A
op lk go C ok Mlz  DF P@vC Cl@h @w@F qCp@J P@vC
DwC  O S G  ok k Ck DwC  OlClk
Pw  lA DZ PvC rOv  k  V Dd okk Ck
 p DaA kpF Co Ovk qC Ow  S kpFCo lF qC
uDwdC  PvC qoDG ok rpO VN DaA@@@ P@vC Ck
Dd ok  PvC lz ClV qDF qC Pz   l@@
ok DZ C  A k Ck DZ kp D@Z MkD@G@
ykh .Pw D C ok  C l@ @@@z yk@V
W) lDp GC X ok l NoV  Co p@
oOvC DCOvC  C co CpzDF  pGCd  C F
ClF DF DlC CGe   DWC  dOvCDF CwC  p@O@@C
⁽²⁰⁾ CWDF  DdCoC
ok Ddo lOw kp DF Dd ok lOw kp D@F  l@Ckp@ D@F
lF qC Co pN MkDG Dd ok PvC OwFC D@@D@V @p@N@D@A
yCDd  PvC MkDG  d EnW D@a@A l@oA@p@@F
kiF  MkDG ECpe ok lp DaA l x@dk@@@@
PvC ll w Co yp laJ
 yDF CpZ DF ,kp@ D@F P@w@D@W@ ,() @@ qo
okD
qo Pw kA A kA C C oD@@C k@@@ qo D@d ,H@z @C
 qDF yCpZ DZ l  FDeC DF kA  k@@@
l lFD  lCq  O  D kDG@  kD@q @h p@FCl@@h
 F l uG  l ypN Co Do  PvCC ODh
 kDz DZ l ykh EDeC DF lA loCkP@ @ kp@
D DF  PvC C DC V qC l FDeCCl@@h D@@Z
 xW yh  olF ,yCD kF Oz@@  l@A@
P   pF kp  GN Dp,kF nF @O@d
kolF  olh kA PvC olh Z kohPh kol@F @C
C lvpOF yqC kp  lCi uG kA koh P@h
  r FDC FDGW l  ykh PvC GC X ok
 DF D l uoDC  xDC FDN pC C FD@k @ C D@@C
cCr  kp DF l hz h l ⁽²¹⁾,D@RA @@
lDW  MoF kz pFo VCl ok  zk D@F ,P@vC
:lO yCoDFok  Clh yCpZ qDF yCpZ,qDFpv  MoF

 ECpeC  DGC 

ECpC lV C DeC

(25  4 U plC)
V Cl ok  Dp oD@@w@F MkD@G@ ECp@e@ ok @ P@vC
.lCi DwC oV C Ap PvC Ap C ClhoDwF
 C  D lzC  C zD C
⁽²²⁾ DeGv oDC   C
DOVC ok oDz  lq CpF Co qo  oCnF MkDG CpF Co H@z
pzC PvC pk Piz  qo  PvC Piz  Hz C
PvClz Dw rV Dd  oA Dz CpF C CpF Co D@d qC
 DCV CpeC CpF l@l@F oCp@ yC@@@v l@@C@h@ @
D lp pDz orF h Piz  Eh ,Cp@@Cp@F
CpFDF xJ l PvC qp  oCiFCpz yoD C lFO
DN No ok Ow pOF A qC F Dd S @p@F @D@
ro MoF  Dpz  PvC   Dp  D@doD@@zC
lF Dv Pwk DN  pDz  PvC kF D kp  DvDvC DdPvC
 D  PvC lz E@w@e@ D@@@ r@V @ @p@qC
F  lz yCp yC GV Dv Pwk qC lF  Opz
kF Ap pwN  yoD  D  lz p pDz Mo@
xolN  Co piq D EDO  k@F Ap@ p@w@@@C
 D kF kp pw kF kp oD kF kp PvCkp@@
PvC ro DFq  ypz DFq  PvC kG C@ @Cok D@vD@vC
DF l ok Eh Co Ap MDA DEDN  bJ C  PvCpw Z
Ppd  qo  PvC MkDG P Hz  Co  ro DFq
.lq DGk FOo 
DeGv oDC   C  C  D l@zC @ @@@C @zD@ C)
:l(

qo koh   y p Hw ok qo

kqClC  q ok A Z k

Hz  PvC p fG  P Dq A

kqClC Dz kpJ C D ph kp

!PvC kClC DV () 
kClCDV ,PvC oV C Gz  PvC A yqo PvC oWC 
lzOhDz P  DF qpC F DN J Dv oCr qC @@ ,P@vC
 G l GC X l ok o lv kh Od PvC
 rCpF Co DA EDWC  oCn D ok DOvk DF 
DwC  PvC Div D DGV C  PvC @
Oo Dk F lF k koC  Div qC Ow p@ ok
Dkok Po lF qDF pk DV  ko lF D@@k A qC p@@
 PvCkDq Dk ok P   PvC kDG Dk ok k  p@@k
  PvCDp Dk ok P   PvC v Dk ok P @
PvC DDk ok P   PvC DpwC  DqDFpv Dk ok P
ok koCk lF DwC o PvC O Dk ok P  
qC Dkb qC  koCk kV DDk  ok  l pv Dk @@
.Pw HD  PpF DDk
:l PvC pW O p ok d lC 

kClC ND  PV

kCl C  Mr Cn

hDd lClz V DV  N ok kClC  PvC Dl N MD ok
C CDF d  Dd  l ,kCV p vD ND DWz
 ,VokPD ok d  lA ok oV pl DF HC D@N k
ok rph VokPD ok rph PDWz Vok PD ok DWz
vD ,Pio lDF Co S h A Pio OwDF Co h  DV
liF  ,oClkCV  p ,MkDG Vok O O@w@ l@FD@
 iF lA POvlF  aA  oCl Ow

D kp DkCqA  ok oCp

DFp ok EA  zD k ok p 

:l  DV C F lvo DN l N  o

C  wC Wi h

kDWC  En TF 

qD DaA  DaA o DZ A hC DW ok l@@@@
oDwpz w hC C PD qC PvC oDwpz C  qC w@@
 MCkDV  Dv  ClDW co  VDN  OD@W@z P@vC
Ow kV Z N xJ l EA lvp  ypFCpF okD@r@@
Z N M C  PF C  Mol C DF PvC  w AN co
Dp  DwC A  D DwC xJ ,Ow kV@@@
 PvC Dp PDwC DCl  ok PvC DwC DzqoC@
DGOzC  qDF lDF Co uok C D qD@F l@D@F @vok @ZD@
F yCp Co pk DzqoC  pF  Co yqoC @@@@
CO  ld ok  DzqoC  ok zDF Dp DCO@@
C Ow D DwC pC zDF OzCk pl DF CoDzqoC @@
ok C Dw  MoF D  PvC P A zDFkDO DwC
C  C  D DwC D C xJ DCl ok A@
.DDwC qC