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k oDF DwC PvC oDF C DC PvC O@@@@d @ @C
EDh l  Dq  fC l)  lDp Ap ,lwd oD@@@F@F
x HnN  x rN Ap DpF C xJ ⁽³⁾(D@@@vk@
qC DoDN qC Dl qC DoD@F qC P@vC Co kp@r@@D@J P@vC
lz jw w C ,Dlz jw qC F  DCpeCqC D@@O@doD@
ok l  lClz Dz ?Z  jwP@vC @@ @@@h
ko  lkp kDq D C pRC ok  lkFkp Ozn DOC
llz lGN  llz jw llz CDzkh Dq pGJ p@
 F ,p  F   F Sllz lGN C@@d @ @F
DA DC GF Dd lz jw lpk Cd D@  up@h
.llz Cd llz jw DDwC
DF  do jw
dD qC Dp DwC  PwC A  Pw@ H@@@ @ D@W@@C ok
p qC  o F k Cd  F lGN k j@w@@@w@V
 F lGN  kF jw PvC  DwC p@@ qC  @do
 lF A F Cd  kF Cd  F lGN F kF Cd
iv ⁽⁴⁾ (C  F) qC Ap  lzDF OzCl kVD ok PDS
oZ C lOw pNPwJ DDJ oDZ qC  kpqC  l
F Cd  F kz lGN do p qC DwCDC p k@@
Dh pC PvC C Co  hC Dh F DwCPiz Z
F kG DwC Co  hC D@h D@w@C @Co @@hC
C kF F  hC Dh kF lok  @@hCD@@h
lz jw DOd do  PvC Od C PvC lzjw DC
,ykh co DF koCk GvDN wV F D@ @ Co @h.P@vC
qC C lzDF h DOh DOh DN P@vC @@@D@w@C
 Pd Z F  DF ok   ok C  PvC lz jwPDwC
xJ Pw rZ C qC p@  P@vC @h @ D@@C M@@@ok
pO Co DC lz jw DwC dp F lvp D ED@w@C
 PvC qDW DC  lF Dh D@F l@D@z  @@@z@D@
kDWv DC DF P iz A PvC Pd  lDF DzoD@Fp@Np@k
lk kp D MDp Cpe ok  kF Oo @w@C@@@
U lk kp D  DF A qC kp C oCr oCr lZ kDqVDd
(XWeC pSC D) kp p DC F ,VDd qC Cpe C DwClr@@
XWC pSC D lkp DC PvC kDq VDd DwC olZ Cle@C
lF PvC  VDd olZ  PvC kDq kDp olZ ⁽⁵⁾ XWeC@C
 kCk  F F Z  kp Z DC Cl  l izA
D Dd lkp  F P  kp D@@F @ ok Co @@@Z@Z
d DF  Cd qC pJ PvC Cpe lk kp D P,@
Ppd loCk DCd C F ok  DwC l @ @@,@D@
  C p qC PvC C  DF F Dd lkpl
m pC Dd ,qo eC F PvC pC  C ,DF Cp@@ qC
D kh Dq ok  DGOzC ,lF G lCi D H@kl@W@O@
lF ok DOd ok Co DDwC lCN  lOw kF kCpC
lFCh  koh rV DJ oDZ  F  lD rV  DwClGF 
DJ oDZ  do C C l pk rZ wV r@V 
PDwC  DwC DOd  PvC lz jw DF DC PvC
PvlF ykh C DWF  P@vC l@z @O@p@ C qC @@ o@@FC
PvC koA PvlF  PvC kp Hw Cd DOhykh
DF MD DF FD PD ok DDwC pd
oC  j  Ci@ @D@w@O@ @ @oD@G@ o@v ok
PD DGWC Mpv  DFCFC PD DwC PeO@  D@VC@C@ND@O@
ok op  l oe p p kp PD qo ok⁽⁶⁾DFCpv
DwC MoF kp qC p    lCO k DCJop
Dp ,MDCd MoF pk Dp  l@@@o@@e@
MoF Dp DqF MoF Dp DZoMo@@F
QG DJ MoF Dp DoD MoF DpDFp@@
MoF PVF Co DwC   PvC  Clh p CpZl@@@@
Ep MoF Dk ok w A  ph ,koD@F ok MD@C@@dA
Dvo oCqA Nn DN  OzCl pk oD lr rV  PvCkF
k oe PvC Ep Mo  ykh C MoF PvCkF
koCl O  rV oD Dk ok  PvC @ @ @w@ A
C qC p  k oe   Mo@F D@@@ P@D@@ok
oe v  MoF Pw v  w A  Pw@r@@Z
 MD FD PD ok kp (ND  uDC pe)k@@@
Dz ,l oe Dz C MD  DOh  DOvCh lD
?lCi Co rZ Z  lzDF lCi Z  lOw Z DkC ok
DOvCh Dz DOvCh D PvC l@ok @ D@@O@vC@hD@A
D  lOw D Dz lzDF Dz OvCh  Z p PvC lpJ@
DOvpJ qC Co D  PvC C l oe D@@ l@@O@w@@
 rZ D OvpKF D  Co Z p ,OvpJ Clh rV l
D kV rV  k D PD rV J F P@vp@J @J p@CD@
Ap  PwC OhCl r D PD ok ClF J @C k@@@
qC p  lz DzkV rV r C Dk ok  DkVC l
D  MphA ok lCOzCl pk rZ r C OvpJ r@@ @C
D   C HnC r nC)) :l Ap,lO@w@
.((C ECnF  pG CGv 
FV   DGV DF O V oD  D@@ @@e@ @))
⁽⁷⁾((w Nr D Cn o
lOw C V DNA  ,Co C l@ Ck D@@k A ok D@@@@
 Dk A ok ph lA uDvC J Oo F qC r Jl@@
NA MoF  Dk A DvDvC ,koCk pk z ODr@Z
,lq NA Co DwC pOF lv  koq r@@ A qC @ l@A@ok
oCk l DwC xJ ,l jw Co DwC  PvC Dr@@ZD@@@C
 DwC C lOvpJ Co CkD   DwC ,PvC EDw@C
 PvC lz jw DwC   EDwC
D Ozp  D DwC p
pS D DwC ,PvC MDO pk kV DF kV p ok D
Cld F ykh kF Ozp ok COzp pC PvC D Ozp qC
Dok DwC  PvC C qC p C lvpF  D ld phA @F 
A Cp@F l@vp@F D@@ qC @C l@d @F yk@h k@F D@w@C
 lCO DF lCkp DA DOzp kV qC Co D DwD@@
lpA e lC  e  qC  lOw NCkVDO@zp@
,Dh GV b DA ok  lClz lpA e pqC l@Cl@z
ok Da ,koCl kV b DC p  G@  @C@@zkD@
Clh co Co C Ap  aA qC lOw Dh Dp MDCd,MDCd
kV   PvC DwC C  lCpFF l p lCl@@
DDh ok  aA qC  koCk kV DOzp ok  aA qC HpPvC
 PvC kV    N  PvC kV@ koCkk@V
lA D C ok  PvC Sld O pGN C  @v @@
 DGC h  C  Ho  C h D@@N CC .P@vC
 C  C  Ho  kA F h  CD@@ H@o
 Nz H   C   C Nz @ H@@
kr Co PCo C  wN C  ⁽⁸⁾DGC kC @
MoF Co Tld  S ok   loCk MoDG@ @C @F
:l,PvC koA ok pz

lW h  lA Tld ok

lpA  v Co D h

kV    V Co p 

kWv rV lCl  PvC Ozp A

  pd yp olC Pw

Clh  qC lq  o

N Ck qC pk p 

Fp ok  qC Cd a

  GC  rV lG C

pz qC  PvC D MDz qC

pF  kCrkA Pw v A 

phq    Ozp qC

kF v D kh ph 

kz  D pk 

kpG ok lA HD Cl DN

⁽⁹⁾kp kpF Cl DN D k q

qC  p   lClz lpA  o qC p  l l@F
,lpA Hp Clh Co DwC  Pw MDCd k  Mz @h
C HvC  PvC MDO D Cd  DF Da DD@w@C
D DwC  DF D l@d @F D@@ l@d @F l@@vo  Al@C
MDN PvC MDO  D Ozp  DF D DwC PvCMD@O@
.PvC lA Ap ok  PvC NCm HpN D lF DDwC
 qC Co DwC D ⁽¹⁰⁾(G UDC   DwC D@@@h D@C)
C k  kDq De  C ok  ClpAC@
lvo Pw C Ds ok qpC pGN F kDq DkClO@vCP@vC
ld F lvo  l oCp DqA ko Co C D  CdpF
Co C  N OwDz    ClpA oDOi  kCqA Co C D  DqC
UDC k F kCk oCp kCk p  DeOC  D@qA p@@ok
F PvC D MDGpN  DfGwN qC W @C@@@
oCp kCk p  p  yCkDJ  DqA  DeOC pok Co C k
.loCl Co OwDz Z pk MCkVA  kCk
qC ,⁽¹¹⁾Co DC  CpDz DC GwC Dl DC CpF Dv DW@
oDOhC  kCqA DG  o  DwC oDOhC  kCqA pNDGq  pOF@C
Co C  kCk oCp DqA ko Co C ,kp DF k pk CoD@w@C
C kh C P A ClDD C F Co Co kCk oCp DA DF  Cz
CpDz DC GwC Dl DC l EDiOC Co Oh Co OwDF PvC
 Dh l Ap  DwC A D DwC P A CoD@C 
UDC
PvC D pz DwC DkClOvC  DzqoC lzo ok D
l p Ozp D DF DwC D kF UD@C D@@ @@l@F
C  Pw qCN ok  Pw kDN ok D D@w@C@D@
DwC ,DwC C P A Pw C ok  D DkClOvC
 l ClJ Cp @ kCl@@O@vC @ @w@F @ P@vC@D@
lzo  DF Co   koCn    Co ,ypkD@kCl@@O@vC
l D  qCO   ok  kDO @@ ok l@l@F
DWC ok D ,D  qCN pF kkp pF lPd DvDvC
,l lzo DwC DkClOvC  C  ok  PvCC D
.lzDF D lzo,ylzo
C l lzo k  ,@ p@m Co kD@v D@S@ @C D@d
Dk ,koCk F ,koCk Z pv ok koCk pv ,koCk DJ ,koCk Pvkk
 PvC k Dv k  koCk DC  DdC ,koCk Cl@k,koCk
pC D Dd ,l lzo  A   l lzo D@@C@@
C DwC  pC ,l  DoNDoD C S @p@
yCF  l lzo lF DPw pDv  lFlzo @@
lzo D Z  D lF  DF lzDF Dw yCFlF lzo
lzo ypv l lzo N ,l lzo N DC l lzo ypvD l@@
lzo Ovk l lzo DJ ,l lzo DJ l lzo Ovkl@@
 PvC DwC A D DwC ,DD lzo  kp lzol@@
 lD lzoF Cl b lF lzo  DF yCDwC DzqoC@
P A lvpF C ld F ylzo  lF lzo pl D@@
F pGN Co C lW Ap w A k C D DwC kC
C D ND MDF Fo CpFC @@O@FCmC ) @ l@@@@D@C
l D@ D@ @O@om @  D@ ,D@D@C uD@@@@@D@V
⁽¹²⁾(DC
Ap p qC D DwC  () CpFC
 lA pF C orF D DDeOC qC A qC lF Cp@FC
HvD  D p DDeOC A  ok  lDvo PD@ @F Co@@
  orF DDeOC F DN oDZ  DN v  DN k   Pp
ykh PvlF ykh lqp lpF pv CpF lz kDA fFm D@@A qC
.lzDF ClhCo ok
lF l pC koCk  PvC Clh l O  ld C DN @@w@N
CpFC  lvo    O DO@@ l@z p@D@d Cp@Z @Z
fFm CpF D kDA  DvC  ,lpF pv CpFD kDA
Pl l CpFC D C D@kD@ ) @kCk Cl@ ,l@kp@Cl@@J l@z
OvCi D  aA  lz DN  CpFCC  ⁽¹³⁾(DpC
N qC D  aA pGF Co lqp pv OvCi N qCDC D ,kF DWC DN
Z DN D Do  D pC FD ok N wN D kF C OvCi@
A  qC CpFC  A qC lF P A l@@@qp@F  o@@ l@d
 l qC kpF DDFp F Co lqp DN kDOCNA N A qC DDeOC
    Dd  DOD C D CpFC C)DN F lA pF DC
PA l qoDG P  DF   DF DN F⁽¹⁴⁾ pC
F lvo Dd N ⁽¹⁵⁾,DDC uD DVC l C @F l@@F
F  zDF Cpk l ,zDF CJ ,zDFDC ,zDF @@C @ l@d
OwDF lz D CpF pk DDwC D DwC N pk p@G@@N
CpF PvC D DwC wC  ,llF GN N F Co Dzkh
ld ok  kp lzo C ok DwC DzqoC  PvC D DwC C
ld ok   pz v C F kp lzo  kp@ l@zo @C
,lCkp lzo pl DF  PvC kp lzo C
DV  DzqoC ok DD D l  orV
DD w fN
 lClk Co Dok l  orV k fN Co D@@ @@w@ @C
kz l PvC l  orV Dd ok DCk Dok lClz Cl@dD@
PFDR l qC  p C kz l @ @O@ @  p@A
Dok ,DDok l  orV C ok koCk p@RD@N D@ @C @ P@vCl@z
qC k l PvC l  orV Dd ok DCk  PvC D@zp@hD@Ck
DwC DV GODF  DwC co p A qC k l ,pC
DwC co C lzDG CoCk Pw Dok ok  Co l  orV PD@d@C
 k l pA  p C qC PvC l  or@V D@d okD@Ck
v A F D  v C qC D lOw o @D@@@D@V
kCpC PvC  DDV lz l D OGCl l@@@
A F D   Pw  C  lzDF pkDDpV D  l@zD@F
DwC DwC DzqoC Od oCl oD Cd Dh D@
DCp DC  Co kCpC Dz lF PvC o @
DCp qC Cp  PV ok DDC PvC DwC Cp@
oF lo  l l  lClJ l o DwC
 lOw kA D S DC ,k yCppk DzqoC @
Ovk  D  kp lzo yC F  Dkp lzo z @
DV PvC DD PV qC DDVDCpeC DGD kp lzo
qC ,k l Cp F DN DF lok l Co qC P b
l l kDw F  PvC o CDGD ,d  ok CpC
DD qC C MkDG ok CpC
lDN l ok l Co C vC @ @D@w@C D@@zqoC qC @@ @S@
D D F MkDG PvClh pm MkDG P@vC MkD@G@l@@@@
ll DWC Clh CpF DwC  Co oD p vC ok O@G@C@D@h
C l  kp PD  oD  Hw DGk  OPvC MkDG@
Plh ykh DV F  l qDF Co ykh D kh  P@vC
DF Mh  ykh Dh  F MkDG  ,PvCMkDG ok l
O rV DC  lWN  MDVD D  Dk D  qDD Clh
yqoC  ykh C Pw@ @l@z n@d @vC qC  P@vC@vC
DV lF k PGCp pC P   @@C yqoCP@vC
MkDG  vC  lF  k l  yqoCC wF
Dk  lCh HeOw qD  Oo lWw k @@vC kp@
MN koA DWF Co HeOw Dw  lCh H@N l@C@h
CpC ld F pw C ok DV pC  DrZ @kp@ Ap@
F D  oW k e DV pk DzqoC kpF
kCpC ok  lz ClJ vC DV ok l a  vCjoD@N ok
kp DO k b  pF l ok l kCpC FD@
pk lCkDOC kDV C ok  O  kD@V @C ok l@CkD@O@C@
Cp Clh Ow DwC  lF lCO l d Co kDNlCO@
A qC kF Ozp  pC lpD Ozp Cp Clh  PvC lpADwC
ykh ok Co Oi DlC lDF DwC ,Oo lDF@p@
llF lzo D  Co  llFlzo
vC ol ok ioDN  k
Dz EDeC qC Cl  lkCk pGh @vC @Cp@ p@G@D@@J @F
lkoA pN lz DG  PdCoD ,Mpd MkDG ok lClzp
Z  Co Dp k Z CC DF D ll kDp l@W@w@@F
  PvC lz ClJ  PC ok kCpC Z Clz  PvClz
fG DN Hz  P b  Ow oV C Ow Dz pGDJkh
FCh , PdCpOvC  Co Hz qC Ow,@ MkD@G@Co
  lvo kh Cpw F C F kh ClDh F@
 p qo Dqo F  p@ qo qo p@ @O@b@@
lCOp J Co Co C Dw  oDC DOd Co pkDqo
yqoC   l uDwdC O pGJ lCUoDh  PvqC D@@C
l e ykh ok Co D@@zqoC p@D@v koCk @@vC D@@zqoCqC
A DF Cllz ,p F PvC kp ClJ l @vC @@D@V@@@
.lqoDG
qC le DF koCk pwJ  ClG DF koCk pwJ DC F p
H PvDo  PvpJ Dk  Dk C  Pw yolJ LN  D@A
ypwJ k DF  D Mo ok @  H@@W@ yp@@k p@w@J
 HDWF P kp Mk Co yolJ ClG  pwJ Ckp
qC ph , P kF le @D@ @ yp@@k p@w@J A p@F
DGV F DN   ClG D p pF F@@@
ClG lkp  lvo C F Co ok pGDJ qo  P@zCkkD@G@
Dqo   MkDG fG DN DGz N  lCkCk pGh F @@@Z
Pw rZ a C vo D @@F kp@ p@ p@@@@qo
Pvok C  oCl  G  Ow Z   lkpMp@d
.Pw
Od  ykh lq k l lq wF @D@V @D@
lC  oDRA CoCk  PvC zqoC  lq  Pw oDC FD PvC
C D lGF Co MkDv o CDV  PvC @@O@@  D@e@
C  p C DV A ok  oDF vC Co C DV DCOF
lF P  yqoC  DC lzDF OzCl kV lq DFyqoC
p  ,lq k rZ  pk  ykh wF l Co DV
Pw pk rZ lqqC